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Works Cited

(1) Lacey Marc. “Mexican Migrants Carry H.I.V. Home to Unready Rural Areas.” The New York Times. 17 July 2007. Sect A. pg. 1.  

(2) New York State Education Department Health Education guidelines (http://www.emsc.nysed.gov/sss/HIV/HIV135Regulations.html#REGENTS%20Regents%20POLICY%20STATEMENT) 

(3) Free and Confidential STD testing sites (http://www.nyc.gov/html/doh/html/std/std2.shtml#qs)

(4) Morris, Alex. “The Cuddle Puddle of Stuyvesant High School.” New York Magazine. 6 Feb. 2006.

(5) LaFraniere, Sharon. “South Africa Fires Official Praised for Anti-AIDS Work.” The New York Times. 10 August 2007. Sect. A, pg. 9.

(6) Altman, Lawrence K. “Bright Spots, Lost Chances on AIDS.” The New York Times. 12 Sept. 2006. Sect. F. pg. 5.

(7) LaFraniere, Sharon. “W.H.O. Seeks More AIDS Tests In Nations at Epidemic’s Center.” The New York Times. 31 May 2007. Sect. A. pg. 6.

(8) Ruiz, Albor. “Latinos Need Help in Fight Against AIDS.” The Daily News. 3 Dec. 2006. Suburban pg. 3.

(9) Santora, Marc. “City AIDS Report Highlights Risk to Black Men and Women.” The New York Times. 4 Feb. 2006. Sect. B, pg. 1.

(10) Queensbridge Housing Projects. (http://www.nyc.gov/html/nycha/html/home/home.shtml)

(11) "Out of Control: AIDS in Black and White" ABC News

(12) New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, 2 Dec. 2007 <http://www.nyhiv.org/pdfs/Comprehensive_Plan_Revised_FINAL_11_10_05.pdf>.

(13) AIDS Center of Queens County, 3 Dec. 2007 <http://www.acqc.org/preventiveeducation.php>.

(14) Latkin C.A., Knowlton A.R. Micro-social structural approaches to HIV prevention: a social ecological perspective. AIDS Care. 2005; 17(Suppl 1): 102-113.

(15) Stricof R.L., Kennedy J.T., Nattell T.C., Weisfuse I.B., Novick L.F. HIV seroprevalence in a facility for runaway and homeless adolescents. Am J Public Health. 1991; 81(Suppl): 50-53.

(16) Siegal H.A., Carlson R.G., Falck R, et al. HIV infection and risk behaviors among intravenous drug users in low seroprevalence areas in the Midwest. Am J Public Health. 1991; 81; 1642-1644.

(17) Marin G: AIDS Prevention among Hispanics: Needs, risk behaviors and cultural values. Public Health Rep. 1989; 104:411-415.

(18) U.S. Census Bureau, 3 Dec. 2007 <www.census.gov>.

(19) UNAIDS. Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic: Executive summary. Geneva; 2006.

(20) National Center for Health Statistics: AIDS knowledge and attitudes of Hispanic Americans: provisional data from the National Health Interview Survey. (Advance data) No. 166, DHHS Publication No. 89-1250, Hyattsville, MD, April 1989.

(21) Pan American Health Organization, World Health Organization. AIDS Surveillance in the Americas: Annual Report; 2004.

(22) Antibody to human immunodeficiency virus in female prostitutes. MMWR 1987; 36: 157-161.

(23) Caetano R, Hines A.M. Alcohol, sexual practices, and risk of AIDS among blacks, Hispanics, and whites. J Acquir Immun Defic Syndr. 1995; 10:554–561.

(24) Rosenberg M.J., and Weiner J.M. Prostitutes and AIDS: A Health Department Priority? Am J Public Health. 1988; 78: 418-423.

(25) U.S. Census Bureau. The American Community-Hispanics: 2004. Washington, District of Columbia: U.S. Census Bureau; 2007.

(26) Aruffo J.F., Coverdale J.H., Vallbona C. AIDS knowledge in low-income and minority populations. Public Health Rep. 1991 Mar-Apr;106(2):115-9.

(27) Flaskerud J.H., Nyamathi A. Effect of an AIDS education program on knowledge, attitudes and practices of low income Black and Latina women. J Community Health. 1990; 15(6):343-355.

(28) Klevens R.M., Diaz T, Fleming P.L., Mays M.A., Frey R: Trends in AIDS among Hispanics in the United States, 1991-1996. Am J Public Health. 1999; 89:1104-1106.

(29) DiClemente R. J., Boyer C. B., Morales E: Minorities and AIDS: Knowledge, attitudes and misconceptions among black and Latino adolescents. Am J Public Health. 1988; 78:55-57.

(30) Kirby D, Short L, Collins J, et al. School based programs to reduce sexual risk behaviors: A review of effectiveness. Public Health Rep. 1994; 109:339-360.

(31) Saul J, Norris F.H., Bartholow K.K., Dixon D, Peters M, Moore J:Heterosexual risk for HIV among Puerto Rican women: Does power influence self-protective behavior? AIDS & Behav. 2000; 4:361-371

(32) Mays V.M., Cochran S.D.: Issues in the perception of AIDS risk and risk reduction activities by black and Hispanic/Latina women. Am Psychol. 1988; 43:949-957.

(33) Marin B.V., Tschann J.M., Gomez C.A., Kegeles S.M.: Acculturation and gender differences in sexual attitudes and behaviors: Hispanic vs. non-Hispanic white unmarried adults. Am J Public Health. 1993; 83:1759-1761.

(34) Loue S., Cooper M., Traore F., Fiedler J.: Locus of Control and HIV risk among a sample of Mexican and Puerto Rican women. J of Immigrant Health. 2004; 6(4):155-165.

(35) Van Oss Marin B., Gomez C.A., Hearst N.: Multiple heterosexual partners and condom use among Hispanics and non-Hispanic whites. Fam Plann Persp. 1993; 25:170-174.

(36) Selik R.M., Castro K.G., Pappaioanou M.:Racial/ethnic differences in the risk of AIDS in the United States. Am J Public Health. 1988; 78: 1539-1545.

(37) Deren S., Shedlin M., Beardsley M.: HIV-related concerns and behaviors among Hispanic women. AIDS Educ and Prev. 1996; 8(4):335-342.

(38) Flaskerud J.H., Uman G.: Directions for AIDS education for Hispanic women based on analyses of survey findings. Public Health Rep. 1993; 108:298-304.

(39) Civic D., Scholes D., Ichikawa L, et al.: Ineffective use of condoms among young women in managed care. AIDS Care. 2002; 14:779-788.

(40) Pearlman, D.N., Camberg L., Wallace L.J., et al.: Tapping youth as agents for change: Evaluation of a peer leadership HIV/AIDS intervention. J of Adolesc Health. 2002; 31:31-39.

(41) Bates B.R., Harris T.M.: The Tuskegee study of untreated syphilis and public perceptions of biomedical research: A focus group study. J Natl Med Assoc. 2004; 96:1051-1064.

(42) Freimuth, V.S., Quinn S.C., Thomas S.B., et al.: African Americans’ view of research and the Tuskegee syphilis study. Soc Sci & Med. 2001; 52:797-808.

(43) Hopkins D.R.: AIDS in minority populations in the United States. Public Health Rep. 1987; 102:677-681.

(44) Yep G.A.: Communicating the HIV/AIDS risk to Hispanic populations: A review and integration. Hisp J Behav Sciences. 1992; 14:403-420.

(45) Richwald G.A., Schneider-Muñoz M., Valdez R.B.: Are condom instructions in Spanish readable?: Implications for AIDS prevention activities for Hispanics. Hisp J Behav Sciences. 1989; 11:70-82.

(46) The Broad Prize for Education, 4 Dec. 2007 <http://www.broadprize.org/2007NewYorkBrief.pdf>.

(47) National Center for Education Statistics, 4 Dec. 2007<http://nces.ed.gov/Pubs2003/Overview03/tables/table_05.asp>.

(48) Berenson, Alex. Pinning Down the Money Value of a Person’s Life. New York Times. 4 Dec. 2007 <http://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/11/business/businessspecial3/11life.html?_r=1&oref=slogin>.

Statistics

Comparisons:

-           Queens, NY population numbers (by zip code) from 2000 census ( www.census.gov)

-           US Population numbers from 2000 census (www.census.gov)

-           Queens County population numbers from 2000 census (www.census.gov)

-           New York State population numbers from 2000 census (www.census.gov)

-           US Cumulative AIDS cases from 2005 CDC annual report, table 14 (http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/topics/surveillance/resources/reports/2005report/table14.htm)

-           Quick Facts about Census data (http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/meta/long_71061.htm)     

-           Queens, NY cumulative AIDS cases by zip code (provided by Prof. Yoshino)

Plots:

-           Demographic Data (SF3) from Census website (www.census.gov)

-           Queens, NY cumulative HIV cases by zip code (provided by Prof. Yoshino)

Mode of Transmission:

-           National Mode of Transmission Data from 2005 AIDS Surveillance Report, table 17 (http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/topics/surveillance/resources/reports/2005report/table17.htm)

-           Queens, NY Mode of Transmission Data by zip code (provided by Prof. Yoshino)

Miscellaneous:

-           Unless mentioned, all images are self-taken.